Epistemological analysis of the evidence on the benefits of yoga in basketball
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20952/jrks6119933Abstract
Extensive studies have been conducted on the inclusion of yoga in physical education and sports curricula, emphasizing its physio-psychological and therapeutic benefits. There is also currently great interest in its spiritual benefits for athletes. This article reviews the literature and presents testimonies from star NBA players and coaches on the subject. Finally, it provides the foundation for the phenomenological epistemological perspective necessary for the scientific production of empirical evidence on the subject.
Keywords: Basketball; Yoga; Spirituality; Epistemology; Phenomenology.
Downloads
References
Adling, R., & Bangar, D. (2017). Yoga effect on sports performance. International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, 2(2), 29–32. https://www.sportsjournal.in/archives/2017/vol2/issue2.
Allen-Collinson, J. (2009). Sport embodiment: Sports studies and the (continuing) promise of phenomenology. Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise, 1(3), 279–296. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/328762313.pdf.
Andreoli, C. C., et al. (2019). Quais as lesões mais comuns no Basquete? Como foram tratadas? São Paulo: Instituto do Atleta. https://institutodoatleta.com.br/quais-as-lesoes-mais-comuns-no-basquete-como-foram-tratadas/.
Aparna, A. N., & D’Souza, G. S. (2017). The effect of yogic practices on psychological variables of college women hockey and basketball players. IJPNPE, 2(2), 87–89. https://www.journalofsports.com/pdf/2017/vol2issue2/PartB/2-1-100-610.pdf.
Balcaite, E., Edwards, S. D., & Buscombe, R. M. (2015). Spirituality and basketball fanship: An interpretative phenomenological analysis and synthesis. Journal of Sporting Cultures and Identities, 6(3), 39–52. https://www.academia.edu/26643266/Spirituality_and_Basketball_Fanship_An_Interpretative_Phenomenological_Analysis_and_Synthesis.
Barker, B. (2018). The benefits of yoga for professional athletes. Sports Coach. https://www.brianmac.co.uk/articles/article336.htm.
Brown, B. J., et al. (2020). Mind, body, spirit, and sport: A systematic review examining the effectiveness of interventions targeting the biopsychosocial-spiritual health of NCAA student-athletes. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 14(3), 235–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2020.1774262.
Borthwick, K. G. (2020). The relationship between interoception and proprioception in athletes and non-athletes at Washington and Lee University. de https://kieraborthwick.academic.wlu.edu/files/2020/01/Borthwick_FinalPaper-101219.pdf.
Bradley, W. (2017). Story about how Yoga has helped Joe Johnson [Vídeo]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkV94Q0TimE.
Brinzak, S., & Burko, S. V. (2013). Improving athletic performance of basketball student team with the classical yoga exercises. Pedagogics Psychology Medical-biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports, 10, 3–6. https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Improving_athletic_performance_of_basketball_student_team_with_the_classical_yoga_exercises/775314.
Capretto, L. (2013). Phil Jackson tells Oprah why basketball is a ‘spiritual’ game (VIDEO). HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/phil-jackson-oprah-basketball-spiritual_n_3435221.
Cebolla, A., et al. (2016). Embodiment and body awareness in meditators. Mindfulness, 7, 1297–1305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0569-x.
Chang, C., et al. (2020). Mental health issues and psychological factors in athletes: Detection, management, effect on performance and prevention: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement—executive summary. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(4), 216–220. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101583.
Chaudhari, P. R. (2019). Effect of yoga training on fitness components and skill abilities among basketball players. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education, 4(1), 1321–1324. https://www.journalofsports.com/pdf/2019/vol4issue1/PartAC/4-1-263-493.pdf.
Chiu, Y.-H., et al. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): Measurement invariance between athletes and non-athletes and construct validity. PeerJ. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2790.
Cohn, P. (2021). Learn how to stay in the moment. Peak Performance Sports. https://www.peaksports.com/sports-psychology-blog/performing-in-the-present-moment/.
Deol, N. S., & Sigh, D. (2017). Spiritual intelligence in basketball performance: Identifying performance indicators. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5(4), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-5-4-2.
Dillon, K. M., & Tait, J. L. (2000). Spirituality and being in the zone in team sports: A relationship? Journal of Sport Behavior, 23(2), 91–100. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA62990402&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=01627341&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7Ec1283b83.
Effron, L. (2016). Michael Jordan, Kobe Bryant's meditation coach on how to be 'flow ready' and get in the zone. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Health/michael-jordan-kobe-bryants-meditation-coach-flow-ready/story?id=38175801.
Falk, A. (2017). Utah Jazz: Joe Johnson's secret to making defenders sweat? Hot yoga. The Salt Lake Tribune. https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=5154958&itype=CMSID.
Felstead, C. (2013). Yoga for runners. New York: Human Kinetics.
Ganguli, T. (2018, October). For the Lakers, it’s not about future, it’s about the here and now. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/sports/lakers/la-sp-lakers-season-preview-20181013-story.html.
Ganguly, S. K. (2013). Yogic practices applied to physical education & sports. International Journal of Yoga and Allied Sciences, 2(1), 49–53. http://indianyoga.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/v2-issue1-article10.pdf.
Giorgi, A., Giorgi, B., & Morley, J. (2017). The descriptive phenomenological psychological method. In C. Willig & W. Staiton-Rogers (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research in psychology (2nd ed., pp. 176–192). Sage. E-book. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/the-sage-handbook-of-qualitative-research-in-psychology/book245472#preview
Ghosh, R. R. (2022). Need and importance of yoga in physical education and sports. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 9(5), 28–30. Recuperado de https://www.kheljournal.com/archives/2022/vol9issue5/PartA/9-5-1-150.pdf.
Gothe, N. P., et al. (2019). Yoga effects on brain health: A systematic review of the current literature. Brain Plasticity, 5(1), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-190084.
Holguín-Ramirez, J., et al. (2020). Uso del mindfulness sobre indicadores de estrés en deportistas durante la etapa competitiva: Revisión sistemática. Revista Ciencias de la Actividad Física UCM, 21(2), 1–13. https://revistacaf.ucm.cl/article/view/449.
Hopkins, J. (2020). Training elite athletes and the value of experience with Kent Katich. Hopkins. https://www.jamiehopkins.com/training-elite-athletes-and-the-value-of-experience-with-kent-katich/.
Hughes, G. (2014). The zone, according to past and present NBA superstars. Bleacher Report. https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1946021-the-zone-according-to-nba-superstars-past-and-present.
Hutch, R. (2016). Why sport is a spiritual experience: and failure can help. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/why-sport-is-a-spiritual-experience-and-failure-can-help-65871.
Iftekher, S. N. M., Bakhtiar, M., & Rahaman, K. S. (2017). Effects of yoga on flexibility and balance: A quasi-experimental study. Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 3(2), 276–281. https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/AJMBR/article/view/33580.
Jackson, S. A., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). Flow in sports: The keys to optimal experiences and performances (1st ed.). Human Kinetics.
Jackson, S., Eklund, B., & Martin, A. (2010). The FLOW Scales: Manual. Menlo Park: Mind Garden. https://www.mindgarden.com/flow-scales/467-flow-manual.html#horizontalTab1.
Joshi, N., & Singh, V. (2020). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs in yoga studies: Review and suggestions for prospective yoga research scholars. International Journal of Yoga and Allied Sciences, 9(2), 152–155. http://indianyoga.org/volume-9/.
Kamal, S., et al. (2020). Discussion of mental illness and mental health by NBA players on Twitter. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.19.20215681. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.20215681v3.
Krohn, S. (2017). Prāṇa: Does it really exist? Yogobe. https://yogobe.com/en/blog/does-prana-exist.
Lamar, A. R., & Roach, E. F. F. (2016). Corporeality and coloniality: Tensions about the yoga's classes. Cadernos de Educação, Tecnologia e Sociedade, 9(3), 359–374. https://brajets.com/v3/index.php/brajets/article/view/362.
Lowe, Z. (2013). Biting the hot hand: Basketball's enduring streakiness debate rages on. Grantland. http://grantland.com/the-triangle/biting-the-hot-hand-basketballs-enduring-streakiness-debate-rages-on/.
Martínková, I., & Parry, J. (2014). Phenomenological approaches to sport. Routledge.
Meisterjahn, R. J. (2011). Everything was different: An existential phenomenological investigation of US professional basketball players’ experiences overseas (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville). https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2113&context=utk_graddiss.
Monod, S., et al. (2011). Instruments measuring spirituality in clinical research: A systematic review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(11), 1345–1357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-011-1769-7. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-011-1769-7.
Morley, J. (2001). Inspiration and expiration: Yoga practice through Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of the body. Philosophy East and West, 51(1), 73–82. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/26523/pdf.
Nesti, M. (2011). Phenomenology and sports psychology: Back to the things themselves! Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, 5, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2011.602582. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17511321.2011.602582.
Novella, S. (2013, July). Yoga Woo. Science Based Medicine. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/yoga-woo/.
Oliveira, H. Z., Gomes, V. F. P., & Miranda, R. (2015). The flow state in young basketball players. Psicologia em Estudo, 20(1), 95–106. https://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/PsicolEstud/article/view/25529.
Parry, J., et al. (2007). Sport and spirituality: An introduction. Routledge.
Poonam. (2017). Benefits of yoga in physical education and sports. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration, 7(1), 31–39. https://www.ripublication.com/ijepa17/ijepav7n1_05.pdf.
Preece, G., & Hess, R. (2009). Sport and spirituality: An exercise in everyday theology. ATF Press.
Radhamani, R. (2012). Effects of psychological and yogic training on basketball players: Effects of psychological and yogic practices on psychological factors and skill performance of basketball players [Monografia]. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
Ravizza, K. H. (2002). A philosophical construct: A framework for performance enhancement. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 33, 4–18. https://kenravizza.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/A-Philosophical-Construct-Framework-for-Perf-Enhancement.pdf.
Riva, D., et al. (2016). Proprioceptive training and injury prevention in a professional men's basketball team: A six-year prospective study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(2), 461–475. https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2016/02000/Proprioceptive_Training_and_Injury_Prevention_in_a.22.aspx.
Roach, E. F. F. (2018). Working with the ‘Nonself-Language’ in Buddhist-inspired. Journal of Yoga and Physiotherapy, 5(1), 6–8. https://juniperpublishers.com/jyp/pdf/JYP.MS.ID.555653.pdf.
Roach, E. F. F., & Lamar, A. R. (2012). El giro hacia los saberes excluídos. Revista Entreideias, 1(1), 27–43. https://periodicos.ufba.br/index.php/entreideias/article/view/5911/4765.
Roach, E. F. F., Lamar, A. R., & Zoboli, F. (2019). Lo que se enseñanza como yoga, mindfulness y vipassana en las escuelas por el mundo: debates y controversias. Práxis Educacional, 15(31), 197–212. https://doi.org/10.22481/praxis.v15i31.4668. https://periodicos2.uesb.br/index.php/praxis/article/view/4668.
Roychowdhury, D. (2019). Spiritual well-being in sport and exercise psychology. Sage Open, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/215824401983746. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2158244019837460.
Ryba, T. V. (2006). The benefits of yoga for athletes: The body. Athletic Therapy Today, 11(2), 32–34. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259481889_The_Benefits_of_Yoga_for_Athletes_The_Body.
Sevrez, V., & Bourdin, C. (2015). On the role of proprioception in making free throws in basketball. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 86(3), 274–280. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25775217/.
Sharma, L. (2015). Benefits of yoga in sports: A study. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 1(3), 30–32. https://www.kheljournal.com/archives/2015/vol1issue3/PartA/29.1.pdf.
Shashidhara. (2018). Yoga and sports performance. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education, 3(2), 318–320. https://www.journalofsports.com/pdf/2018/vol3issue2/PartH/3-2-55-869.pdf.
Sinclair, M. (2017). A brief history of Black Yogis in America Pt. 3 - Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Blog de Michael Sinclair. https://medium.com/@MichealSinclair/a-brief-history-of-black-yogis-in-america-pt-3-kareem-abdul-jabbar-5f5d59395d6d.
Singh, B. B. (2019). Yoga practices, importance and its impact on anxiety and perception of hockey and basketball players. International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 14(1), 1–7. http://ignited.in/I/a/58487.
Singh, G., & Kumar, S. (2019). Role of yoga for improving muscles strength in basketball players. International Journal of Physical Education & Sports Sciences, 14(2), 62–65. http://ipublisher.in/I/a/89435.
Sirk, C. (2020). Zen and the art of winning: Phil Jackson’s team leadership. CRM.org. https://crm.org/articles/zen-and-the-art-of-winning-phil-jacksons-team-leadership.
Stamatelopoulou, F., et al. (2018). “Being in the zone”: A systematic review on the relationship of psychological correlates and the occurrence of flow experiences in sports’ performance. Psychology, 9(8), 2011–2030. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.98115. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=86512.
Toland, S. (2014). Beyond downward dog: The rise of yoga in the NBA and other pro sports. Sports Illustrated. https://www.si.com/edge/2014/06/27/rise-yoga-nba-and-other-pro-sports.
Windhorst, B. (2009). LeBron's extra edge: Cavaliers star's devotion to yoga training helps keep James healthy. Cleveland.com. https://www.cleveland.com/cavs/2009/03/lebrons_extra_edge_cavaliers_s.html.
Wold, R. (2022). 10 pro athletes and teams that practice yoga. Sportsnaut. https://sportsnaut.com/xx-pro-athletes-teams-that-practice-yoga/.
Zainuddin, R., & Ahmed, A. (2010). ROQAN Spiritual Intelligence Test. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342492175_ROQAN_Spiritual_Intelligence_Test/link/5ef6fb04458515505075368a/download.
